Phenolchinhu chakajairika organic compound, inozivikanwawo secarbolic acid.Iyo isina ruvara kana yakachena crystalline yakasimba nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba kunogumbura.Inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwedhayi, pigments, adhesives, plasticizers, lubricant, disinfectants, etc. Mukuwedzera, iyo inokoshawo yepakati chigadzirwa muindasitiri yemakemikari.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, phenol yakawanikwa iine chepfu yakasimba kumuviri wemunhu, uye kushandiswa kwayo mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma zvakatsiviwa nezvimwe zvinhu.Muna 1930s, kushandiswa kwephenol muzvizoro uye zvimbuzi kwakarambidzwa nekuda kwehuputi hwayo hwakanyanya uye kunhuhwirira kunogumbura.Muna 1970s, kushandiswa kwephenol mumaindasitiri mazhinji ekushandisa kwakarambidzwa zvakare nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwayo kwakakomba kwezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi dzehutano hwevanhu.

MuUnited States, kushandiswa kwephenol muindasitiri kwakanyatso kudzorwa kubva kuma1970.Iyo US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakagadzira nhevedzano yemitemo nemirau yekurambidza kushandiswa uye kubuda kwe phenol kuitira kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.Semuenzaniso, miitiro yekubudisa phenol mumvura yakasvibiswa yakanyatsotsanangurwa, uye kushandiswa kwephenol mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro kwakarambidzwa.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo FDA (Chikafu neDrug Administration) yakagadzirawo nhevedzano yemirau kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvekuwedzera zvekudya uye zvekuzora hazvina phenol kana zvinobva zvayo.

Mukupedzisa, kunyange zvazvo phenol ine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandiswa mumabhizimisi uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, huturu hwayo uye kunhuhwirira kunogumbura zvakakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune hutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza.Naizvozvo, nyika zhinji dzakatora matanho ekurambidza kushandiswa kwayo uye kuburitsa.MuUnited States, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwephenol muindasitiri kwakanyatso kudzorwa, ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvipatara nemamwe masangano ekurapa semushonga wekuuraya hutachiona uye unouraya.Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo uye njodzi dzinogona kuve dzehutano, zvinokurudzirwa kuti vanhu vadzivise kusangana ne phenol zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.