Mumusika weChinese, nzira yekugadzira yeMMA yakagadzira kusvika kumhando nhanhatu, uye maitiro aya ese akagadzirwa maindasitiri.Nekudaro, mamiriro emakwikwi eMMA anosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemaitiro akasiyana.

Parizvino, kune matatu makuru ekugadzira maitiro eMMA:

Acetone cyanohydrin nzira (ACH nzira): Iyi ndeimwe yekutanga maindasitiri ekugadzira maitiro, ane tekinoroji yakakura uye kushanda kuri nyore.

Ethylene carbonylation nzira: Iyi inzira nyowani yekugadzira ine yakanyanya kuita mashandiro uye mhando yechigadzirwa.

Isobutene oxidation nzira (C4 nzira): Iyi inzira yekugadzira inobva pane oxidative dehydrogenation yebutene, ine zviri nyore kuwanikwa zvigadzirwa uye mari shoma.

Pahwaro hweaya maitiro matatu, kune matatu akagadziridzwa maitiro ekugadzira anotevera:

Yakavandudzwa ACH nzira: Nekugadzirisa maitiro ekuita uye zvishandiso, goho uye mhando yechigadzirwa zvakavandudzwa.

Ice acetic acid nzira: Iyi nzira inoshandisa ice acetic acid seyakagadzirwa, uye hapana kuburitswa kwemarara matatu panguva yekugadzira, zvichiita kuti ive nehushamwari.

BASF neLucite maitiro, anomiririrwa zvakanyanya nezita rebhizinesi, akawana yakasarudzika tekinoroji kuvandudzwa kwakavakirwa pahunhu hwemabhizinesi avo, aine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kukwikwidza kwakanakira.

Parizvino, aya matanho matanhatu ekugadzira ese awana kugadzirwa kwemayuniti ane chikero che10000 matani kana kupfuura muChina.Nekudaro, kukwikwidza pakati pemaitiro akasiyana anosiyana zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sehunhu hwavo uye mutengo.Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi uye kusimudzira kwemusika, mamiriro emakwikwi eaya maitiro ekugadzira anogona kuchinja.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakakosha kutaura kuti munaGunyana 2022, iyo indasitiri yekuratidzira ye10000 ton marasha yakavakirwa methanol acetic acid kune methyl methacrylate (MMA) chirongwa chakazvimiririra chakagadziridzwa neInstitute of Process Engineering yeChinese Academy of Sciences. zvakatanga uye kushanda zvakadzikama, uye zvigadzirwa zvaive zvakaenzana.Chishandiso ichi ndicho chekutanga pasi rose chemarasha chakavakirwa methanol acetic acid kuenda kuMMA maindasitiri ekuratidzira mudziyo, uchiwana shanduko yekugadzirwa kwemumba methyl methacrylate kubva pakuvimba chete nemafuta epetroleum kusvika pakushandisa marasha akavakirwa mbishi.

Nekuda kwekushandurwa kwenzvimbo yemakwikwi, nharaunda yekugovera uye yekudiwa yezvigadzirwa zveMMA yachinja, uye maitiro emitengo anoratidza kuchinjika kudiki.Mumakore maviri apfuura, mutengo wepamusoro wemusika weMMA muChina wasvika 14014 yuan/ton, uye mutengo wakaderera ungangoita 10000 yuan/ton.Kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2023, mutengo wemusika weMMA wadzika kusvika pa11500 yuan/ton.Chigadzirwa chikuru chinomiririra chiri pasi pemvura iPMMA, iyo yakaratidza kuderera kwemitengo yemisika mumakore maviri apfuura, nemutengo mukuru we17560 yuan/ton uye mutengo wakaderera we14625 yuan/ton.Kubva muna Nyamavhuvhu 2023, mutengo mukuru wemusika weChinese PMMA wakachinja kusvika pa14600 yuan/ton.Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwekuti zvigadzirwa zvepamba zvePMMA zvinonyanya zvepakati kusvika kune yakaderera-yekupedzisira mhando, mutengo wezvigadzirwa wakaderera pane wemusika unotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

1.Pasina kufunga nezve acetic acid MMA unit, iyo ethylene MMA yekugadzira maitiro yakave nekukwikwidza kwakasimba mumakore maviri apfuura.

Mumakore maviri apfuura, iyo ethylene yakavakirwa MMA yekugadzira maitiro ine yakasimba kukwikwidza mumusika weChinese.Maererano nehuwandu, mutengo wekugadzira ethylene based MMA ndiyo yakaderera uye kukwikwidza kwayo ndiko kwakasimba.Muna 2020, mutengo we theoretical we ethylene based MMA waive 5530 yuan patani, nepo muna Ndira Chikunguru 2023, avhareji mutengo waingova 6088 yuan patani.Kusiyana neizvi, nzira yeBASF ine mutengo wepamusoro wekugadzira, ine mutengo weMMA we10765 yuan patani muna 2020 uye avhareji mutengo we11081 yuan patani kubva Ndira kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 2023.

Kana tichiongorora kukwikwidzana kwemaitiro akasiyana ekugadzira, isu tinofanirwa kutarisisa mutsauko mukushandiswa kweyuniti yezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasiyana.Semuenzaniso, mashandisirwo emhando ye ethylene 0.35 ethylene, 0.84 methanol, uye 0.38 synthesis gasi, nepo nzira yeBASF iri nzira ye ethylene, asi kushandisa kwayo ethylene i 0.429, methanol kushandisa 0.387, uye synthesis gasi. 662 cubic metres.Misiyano iyi inokanganisa mitengo yekugadzira uye kukwikwidza kwemaitiro akasiyana.

Kubva pane fungidziro yemitengo mumakore mashoma apfuura, chinzvimbo cheMMA kukwikwidza kwemaitiro akasiyana ndeichi: ethylene nzira> C4 nzira> yakavandudzwa ACH nzira> ACH nzira> Lucite nzira> BASF nzira.Ichi chinzvimbo chinonyanya kukanganiswa nekusiyana kweinjiniya yeruzhinji pakati pemaitiro akasiyana.

Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kusimudzira kwemusika, mamiriro emakwikwi emaitiro akasiyana anogona kuchinja.Kunyanya pasina kufunga nezveacetic acid MMA mudziyo, ethylene MMA inotarisirwa kuramba ichichengetedza mukana wayo wekukwikwidza.

2.Acetic acid nzira MMA inotarisirwa kuve iyo yakanyanya kukwikwidza nzira yekugadzira

The Institute of Process Engineering yeChinese Academy yeSainzi yakabudirira kugadzira marasha ekutanga pasi rose methanol acetic acid MMA industrial demonstration plant.Chirimwa chinotora methanol uye acetic acid semidziyo, uye kuburikidza nemaitiro ealdol condensation, hydrogenation, nezvimwewo, inoziva kugadzirwa kwenguva refu kwakagadzikana kweMMA zvigadzirwa.Iyi nzira ine kufambira mberi kwakajeka, kwete chete nzira ipfupi, asiwo iyo yakasvibirira inobva kumarasha, ayo ane pachena mari inobatsira.Pamusoro pezvo, Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. iri kuronga kuisirwa kwakakura kwemaindasitiri e110000 matani / gore, izvo zvinozosimudzira kusimudzira nekusimudzira indasitiri yeMMA yeChina.Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare peturu yakavakirwa MMA maitiro ekugadzira, iyo acetic acid yakavakirwa MMA maitiro ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza uye ane mukana wehupfumi, uye inotarisirwa kuve yakakosha danho rekusimudzira remangwana MMA indasitiri.

3.Pane misiyano yakakura mumutengo wekukanganisa huremu hwemaitiro akasiyana

Pane misiyano yakakura mumutengo wekukanganisa huremu hweakasiyana MMA maitirwo ekugadzira, uye huremu hwehuremu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana pamitengo inosiyana zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita.

Kune ACH MMA, kuchinja kwemutengo kweacetone, methanol, uye acrylonitrile kune zvakakosha pamutengo wayo.Pakati pavo, kuchinja kwemutengo weacetone kune kukanganisa kukuru pamitengo, inosvika 26%, nepo kuchinja kwemutengo we methanol uye acrylonitrile kunokanganisa 57% uye 18% yemitengo, maererano.Kusiyana neizvi, mutengo wemethanol unongoverengera 7%.Nokudaro, mukudzidza kwekukosha kwecheni yeACH MMA, kunyanya kukoshesa kunoda kubhadharwa kune kuchinja kwemutengo weacetone.

Kune C4 nzira yeMMA, yakakwirira-kuchena isobutylene ndiyo yakakura kusiyanisa mutengo, inoverengera ingangoita 58% yeMMA mutengo.Methanol inosvika 6% yemutengo weMMA.Kuchinja kwemitengo ye isobutene kune zvakakosha pamutengo weC4 nzira yeMMA.

Kune ethylene based MMA, iyo unit inoshandiswa ethylene accounts inopfuura 85% yeMMA mutengo wekuita uku, inova ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mutengo.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yakawanda ethylene inogadzirwa seyakazvigadzira inotsigira michina, uye kugadzirisa kwemukati kunonyanya kuenderana nemutengo wekugadzirisa.Naizvozvo, iyo theoretical yekukwikwidza mwero we ethylene inogona kunge isiri yakakwira seyero chaiyo yekukwikwidza.

Muchidimbu, kune misiyano yakakura muhuremu hwehuremu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana pamitengo mune dzakasiyana MMA kugadzirwa maitiro, uye ongororo inofanirwa kuitwa zvichibva pane chaiyo process tekinoroji.

4.Ndeipi nzira yekugadzira yeMMA ichave nemutengo wakaderera mune ramangwana?

Pasi pemamiriro ezvino tekinoroji, iyo yemakwikwi mwero weMMA mune akasiyana maitiro mune ramangwana anozokanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwemitengo yezvinhu.Izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mune akati wandei maMMA maitiro ekugadzira anosanganisira MTBE, methanol, acetone, sulfuric acid, uye ethylene.Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogona kutengwa kana kupihwa nechomukati, ukuwo gasi rekugadzira, zvinokonzeresa uye zvekubatsira, hydrocyanic acid, crude hydrogen, zvichingodaro.

Pakati pavo, mutengo weMTBE unonyanya kutevedzera kushanduka kwemusika wemafuta akacheneswa, uye mutengo wemafuta akacheneswa wakanyatsoenderana nemutengo wemafuta asina kuchena.Pachimiro chetarisiro yemitengo yemafuta emangwana, mitengo yeMTBE inotarisirwawo kuratidza kukwira kumusoro, uye inotarisirwa kukwira kumusoro kwakasimba kupfuura mafuta asina kuchena.Mutengo wemethanol mumusika unoshanduka nemaitiro emitengo yemarasha, uye remangwana rekupa rinotarisirwa kuramba richiwedzera zvakanyanya.Nekudaro, kuvandudzwa kweiyo maindasitiri ketani modhi kuchatungamira mukuwedzera kwekudzika kwemitengo yekuzvishandisa, uye mutengo wezvigadzirwa methanol pamusika unotarisirwa kuramba uchikwira.

Nzvimbo yekugovera uye inodiwa mumusika weacetone iri kuderera, uye kuvakwa kwemapurojekiti matsva uchishandisa nzira yeACH kunodziviswa, uye kushanduka kwemitengo kwenguva refu kungave kwakaderera.Ethylene inonyanya kupihwa mukati uye ine mutengo wakasimba wekukwikwidza.

Naizvozvo, zvichibva pamamiriro ezvinhu etekinoroji iripo uye maitiro ekuchinja kwemitengo yezvigadzirwa, pachine kusaziva kuti ndeipi nzira yekugadzira MMA ichave nemutengo wakaderera mune ramangwana.Zvisinei, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu emangwana emafuta nemarasha anowedzera, mitengo yezvinhu zvakasvibirira zvakadai semethanol neMTBE inotarisirwawo kukwira, iyo inogona kuva nemigumisiro inokosha pamakwikwi ekukwikwidzana kweMMA mune zvakasiyana-siyana.Kuti uchengetedze kukwikwidza, vagadziri vangangoda kutsvaga hupfumi uye hunoshanda nzira dzekupa zvinhu, uku vachisimbisa optimization uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira maitiro kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira uye kugadzirisa mhando yechigadzirwa.

Summary

Kukwikwidzana kwemaitiro akasiyana eMMA maitiro muChina mune ramangwana anotarisirwa kuramba akasimba kune ethylene process, inoteverwa neACH process inotsigira acrylonitrile unit, uyezve C4 process.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mune ramangwana, mabhizinesi anovandudza mune yeindasitiri chain modhi, iyo ichava yakanyanya kukwikwidza nzira yekushanda kuburikidza nemutengo wakaderera ne-zvigadzirwa uye kuzasi kunotsigira PMMA kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.

Chikonzero nei nzira ye ethylene inotarisirwa kuramba yakasimba imhaka yekuwanikwa kwakasimba kweiyo raw material ethylene, iyo inoverengera chikamu chepamusoro cheMMA mari yekugadzira.Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti ethylene yakawanda inopiwa mukati, uye iyo theoretical yekukwikwidza nhanho inogona kunge isiri yakakwira seyero chaiyo yekukwikwidza.

Iyo nzira yeACH ine kukwikwidza kwakasimba kana yakabatanidzwa ne acrylonitrile unit, kunyanya nokuti high-purity isobutylene seyo huru yakasvibirira inobhadhara chikamu chikuru cheMMA mari, nepo nzira yeACH inogona kubudisa high-purity isobutylene sechigadzirwa, nokudaro kuderedza mari. .

Kukwikwidza kwemaitiro akadai seC4 nzira haina kusimba, kunyanya nekuda kwekukosha kwemutengo kushanduka kwezvinhu zvayo zvakasvibiswa isobutane uye acrylonitrile, uye chikamu chakaderera che isobutane muMMA mari yekugadzira.

Pakazere, iyo inonyanya kukwikwidza maitiro ekushanda kweMMA indasitiri cheni mune ramangwana ichave yemabhizinesi ekuvandudza mune yeindasitiri ketani modhi, kuburikidza nemutengo wakaderera-zvigadzirwa uye kudzika kwerukova kunotsigira PMMA kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari.Izvi hazvigone chete kuderedza mutengo wekugadzira uye kugadzirisa kukwikwidza kwechigadzirwa, asiwo zvirinani kusangana nemusika kudiwa.