Nheyo yekushanda yekoramu ye distillation zvakadzama
Sechishandiso chakajairwa uye chakakosha muindasitiri yemakemikari, makoramu edistillation anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mupetroleum, makemikari, mishonga uye mamwe minda. Kunzwisisa musimboti wekushanda kwemakoramu edistillation kwakakosha mukuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekugadzira uye kugadzirisa maitiro. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora musimboti wekushanda wemakoramu edistillation zvakadzama, uye totarisa pabasa rayo mukuparadzaniswa kwemusanganiswa.
Pfungwa huru ye distillation columns
A distillation column mudziyo unoshandisa simba rekupisa kupatsanura musanganiswa wemvura. Nheyo yekushanda kwayo inobva pamusiyano wekubikira kwezvikamu zviri mumusanganiswa, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoparadzaniswa uye zvinobudiswa zvakasiyana kuburikidza nekuwanda kwemvura uye condensation. Iyi nzira inowanzoda kudzokororwa mushongwe yekuvandudza kuchena kwechigadzirwa.
Chimiro chemukati chemushonga we distillation
Kuti unzwisise zviri nani musimboti wekushanda weiyo distillation column, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise chimiro chayo chemukati. Distillation columns inonyanya kuumbwa neshongwe body, tower disc kana kurongedza, reboiler, condenser uye zvimwe zvikamu. Iyo shongwe yemuviri ndiyo huru chimiro cheiyo distillation column, shongwe dhisiki kana kurongedza ndicho chepakati chikamu chekusangana kwegasi-mvura, reboiler ine basa rekudziya mvura, uye condenser inoshandiswa kutonhora gasi. Kubatana kwezvikamu izvi kunoita kuti distillation ifambe zvakanaka.
Nheyo yekushanda kwembiru dze distillation
Nheyo yekushanda yekoramu ye distillation inogona kupfupikiswa muchidimbu sezvizvi: kushandiswa kwesimba rekupisa kufefetedza uye kuomesa musanganiswa wezvinwiwa mukoramu, zvishoma nezvishoma kuparadzanisa zvikamu. Kunyanya, musanganiswa unotanga kupisa mu reboiler, iyo mhute inokwira kune shongwe ndiro kana kurongedza, uye mvura inodonha yekutsinhanisa kupisa. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemapoinzi ekuvira kwezvikamu zvakasiyana, zvikamu zvepamusoro zvinofashaira zvinowanzoita kukora uye kudonha nemvura, ukuwo zvikamu zvishoma zvekufashaira zvichiramba zvichikwira. Kuburikidza neinoenderera mberi evaporation uye condensation process, zvikamu zviri mumusanganiswa zvinoparadzaniswa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Key parameters mu distillation column kushanda
Kunyangwe iyo musimboti wekushanda weiyo distillation column iri nyore, mukuita, kune akati wandei maayimisheni akakosha anokanganisa kugona kwekuparadzanisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzvinyirira, kugovera kwekushisa, reflux ratio uye disc kunyatsoshanda. Kudzvinyirirwa uye tembiricha mukoramu zvinokanganisa zvakananga evaporation uye condensation maitiro ezvikamu, nepo reflux reshiyo inosarudza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotenderera mukoramu. Yakakwira reflux ratios kazhinji inoreva yakakwirira kupatsanurwa kugona, asi zvakare inowedzera kushandiswa kwesimba. Dhizaini uye kurongeka kwekoramu disc kana kurongedza kunokanganisawo kukwana kwegasi-mvura yekubata uye nekudaro mhedzisiro yekuparadzanisa.
Distillation columns mumashandisirwo akasiyana
Nheyo yekushanda yemakoramu edistillation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarudzi ese ekugadzirwa kwemakemikari. Semuenzaniso, mukunatsa peturu, mbiru dze distillation dzinoshandiswa kupatsanura mahydrocarbon akareruka uye anorema muoiri isina kukora. Muindasitiri yemishonga, mbiru dze distillation dzinoshandiswa kupatsanura uye kuchenesa zvakasiyana siyana zvemishonga. Zvisinei nemunda, kunzwisisa kuti distillation makoramu anoshanda sei chinhu chakakosha chekugadzirisa maitiro uye kugadzirisa mhando yechigadzirwa.
Summary
Nheyo yekushanda yekoramu ye distillation yakavakirwa pamusiyano wekubikira mapoinzi ezvikamu zvemusanganiswa wemvura, izvo zvinoparadzaniswa nekuwanda evaporation uye condensation. Dhizaini uye maparamendi ekushandisa eiyo distillation column ane yakakosha kukanganisa kwekuparadzanisa uye nekudaro inoda kugadziridzwa zvinoenderana nechaiyo muitiro zvinodiwa mumashandisirwo anoshanda. Kuziva musimboti wekushanda weshongwe ye distillation kwakakosha zvikuru pakuvandudza kugona kwekugadzirwa kwemakemikari.
Kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwebepa rino, ndinotenda kuti muverengi ane nzwisiso yakadzama yemusimboti wekushanda wekoramu ye distillation. Mune ramangwana rekuita kemikari, ndinovimba ruzivo urwu runogona kukupa nhungamiro inobatsira.