Basa regibberellins: mahomoni akakosha ekukura kwechirimwa
Gibberellins (Gibberellins) ikirasi yemahomoni ezvirimwa anongoitika anoita basa rakakosha mukukura nekukura kwechirimwa. Kuwanikwa kwegibberellins kunobva ku1930s, uye mushure memakore ekutsvagisa, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima, horticulture uye biology yezvirimwa. Chii chaizvo basa regibberellins? Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichaongorora mune akawanda maficha ebasa ragibberellin.
Inosimudzira Plant Cell Elongation uye Division
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha mhedzisiro yegibberellins ndeyekuti inokurudzira kurebesa uye kupatsanurwa kwemasero ezvirimwa. Chiito ichi chakakosha pakukura nekukura kwechirimwa. Nekukanganisa kupfava kwemadziro emadziro uye kupera kwesero membrane, gibberellin inomhanyisa kuwedzera kwesero, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kurebesa kwemiti yemiti, mashizha nemidzi. Gibberellins inomutsawo kupatsanurwa kwesero, iyo inobvumira zvidyarwa kuwedzera biomass yavo nekukurumidza panguva yekukura, zvichiratidza mukana wakakura wekukura.
Induction yembeu kumera uye dormancy release
Gibberellins inoitawo basa rakakosha mukumera kwembeu. Kana mbeu dzichitora mvura uye dzichitanga kumera, gibberellins inoshandiswa uye inotanga kuunganidza muhutachiona. Iyi hormone inokurudzira kugadzirwa kweamylase, iyo inobatsira mbeu kuputsa starch yakachengetwa uye kuishandura kuva simba rekukura kwechirimwa. Basa regibberellins rinonyanya kukosha kune dzimwe mhodzi dzinoda kusunungurwa kubva mudormancy kuti dzimere, sezvo inoputsa dormancy uye inotanga kumera, nekudaro inowedzera kumera kwembeu dzezvirimwa.
Kugadziriswa kwemaruva uye kukura kwezvibereko
Gibberellins inewo mhedzisiro yakakosha pamaruva uye kukura kwemichero. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ephotoperiodic, gibberellins inogona kukurudzira kusiyanisa kwebud, zvichiita kuti zvirimwa zvitumbuke kare kana zvakajairika. Izvi zvakakosha pakurima, kunyanya pakufambiswa kwezvirimwa zvinopa mari. Gibberellin anoitawo basa mukusimudzira kukura uye kukura kwemichero. Haisi kungowedzera kukura kwezvibereko, asiwo inovandudza chimiro uye chimiro chemuchero, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha sechinhu.
Kuvandudza kupikisa kwemiti
Pamusoro pekusimudzira kukura nekusimudzira, gibberellin inogona zvakare kuwedzera kuramba kwezvirimwa kune yakashata mamiriro ekunze. Kana zvidyarwa zvichiiswa pasi pekunetseka kwekusanaya kwemvura, salinity uye tembiricha yakaderera, gibberellin inogona kuvandudza kushorwa nekugadzirisa metabolic nzira dzezvirimwa. Kunyanya, gibberellin inogona kukwidziridza kugona kwechirimwa kutora uye kuchengetedza mvura nekudzora zvirimo zve osmoregulatory zvinhu mumuviri wechirimwa, zvichibatsira chirimwa kuchengetedza kukura kwakajairika pasi pedambudziko.
Kushandiswa mune zvekurima uye horticulture
Nekuda kweiyo inoshamisa physiological regulatory mhedzisiro, gibberellin inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima kwemazuva ano uye horticulture. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzira mupunga, gibberellins inoshandiswa kuwedzera kukura kwembeu kuti ive nechokwadi chekutanga mukana mukudyara mumunda. Mu viticulture, gibberellins inoshandiswa kurapa masumbu emichero kukurudzira kukura kwezvibereko nekuvandudza goho uye kunaka. Gibberellin inowanzoshandiswa kuwedzera nguva yemaruva yezvimwe zvirimwa zvekushongedza kuita kuti maruva awedzere kukwikwidza mumusika.
Summary
Basa re gibberellins rakawanda uye rakapamhama, kubva pakusimudzira kukura kwechirimwa uye kumera kwembeu kusvika pakugadzirisa maruva uye kukura kwemichero, gibberellins inoita basa rakakosha mumatanho ese ekukura nekukura kwechirimwa. Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro ekuita kwegibberellins, varimi vekurima vanogona kushandisa zviri nani iyi phytohormone kuti vawedzere kukura kwezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kushanda kwekurima kwekurima. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa uye kugona basa regibberellins kwakakosha zvikuru mukusimudzira kwakasimba kwezvekurima kwemazuva ano uye horticulture.