Polycarbonate (PC) iketani yemamorekuru ine carbonate boka, zvinoenderana neiyo molecular chimiro neakasiyana ester mapoka, anogona kukamurwa kuita aliphatic, alicyclic, inonhuhwirira, iyo inonyanya kukosha yeboka rinonhuhwirira, uye inonyanya kukosha bisphenol A mhando. polycarbonate, iyo yakawanda inorema avhareji molecular uremu (Mw) mu20-100,000.

Mufananidzo PC yemaitiro formula

Polycarbonate ine simba rakanaka, kusimba, kujeka, kupisa uye kutonhora kuramba, kugadzirisa zviri nyore, kudzoreredza moto uye kumwe kuita kwakadzama, mashandisirwo makuru ezasi midziyo yemagetsi, shiti nemotokari, maindasitiri matatu aya anotora chikamu che80% chepolycarbonate inoshandiswa, mamwe mumagetsi. maindasitiri emuchina zvikamu, CD-ROM, kurongedza, zvishandiso zvemuhofisi, kurapwa nehutano, firimu, nhandaro nemidziyo yekudzivirira uye mimwe minda yakawanda yawanawo. dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa, ichiva imwe yemashanu einjiniya mapurasitiki ari muchikamu chiri kukurumidza kukura.

Muna 2020, iyo yepasirese PC yekugadzira inokwana matani 5.88 miriyoni, yeChina PC yekugadzira matani 1.94 miriyoni / gore, kugadzirwa kweanenge 960,000 matani, nepo kushandiswa kuri pachena kwepolycarbonate muChina muna 2020 kwakasvika 2.34 miriyoni matani, pane gaka. matani anoda kusvika mamiriyoni 1.38, anoda kutengwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Iko kudiwa kwemusika kukuru kwakwezva mari yakawanda yekuwedzera kugadzirwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune akawanda mapurojekiti ePC ari kuvakwa uye akakurudzirwa muChina panguva imwe chete, uye huwandu hwekugadzira mudzimba huchapfuura 3 miriyoni matani / gore mumakore matatu anotevera, uye indasitiri yePC inoratidza kukurumidza kufambisa kuenda kuChina.

Saka, ndeapi maitiro ekugadzira ePC? Ndeipi nhoroondo yekuvandudza yePC kumba nekune dzimwe nyika? Ndeapi makuru ekugadzira maPC muChina? Zvadaro, tinoita muzinga muchidimbu.

PC matatu makuru ekugadzira maitiro maitiro

Interfacial polycondensation photogas nzira, yechinyakare yakanyungudutswa ester yekutsinhana nzira uye isiri-photogas yakanyungudutswa ester yekutsinhana nzira ndiwo matatu makuru ekugadzira maitiro muPC indasitiri.
Mufananidzo Mufananidzo
1. Interfacial polycondensation phosgene nzira

Ndiko kuita kwephosgene muinert solvent uye aqueous sodium hydroxide solution yebisphenol A kuburitsa diki mamorekuru huremu polycarbonate, yobva yadzorwa kuita yakakwira molecular polycarbonate. Pane imwe nguva, inenge 90% yezvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri zvepolycarbonate zvakagadzirwa nenzira iyi.

Mabhenefiti eiyo interfacial polycondensation phosgene nzira PC yakakwira huremu hwemamorekuru, inogona kusvika 1.5 ~ 2 * 105, uye zvigadzirwa zvakachena, yakanaka yemaziso zvimiro, zvirinani hydrolysis kuramba, uye nyore kugadzirisa. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti nzira yepolymerization inoda kushandiswa kwefosgene ine muchetura uye ine muchetura uye inoputika organic zvinonyungudutsa zvakaita semethylene chloride, izvo zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Melt ester exchange nzira, inozivikanwawo se ontogenic polymerization, yakatanga kugadzirwa neBayer, vachishandisa yakanyungudutswa bisphenol A uye diphenyl carbonate (Diphenyl Carbonate, DPC), pakupisa kwepamusoro, vacuum yakakwira, catalyst kuvapo mamiriro ester exchange, pre-condensation, condensation. reaction.

Zvinoenderana nemidziyo inoshandiswa muDPC process, inogona kukamurwa kuita yechinyakare yakanyungudutswa ester yekutsinhana nzira (inozivikanwawo seyakananga photogas nzira) uye isiri-photogas yakanyungudutswa ester exchange nzira.

2. Traditional yakanyungudutswa ester exchange nzira

Yakakamurwa kuita 2 matanho: (1) phosgene + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, inova isina kunanga phosgene maitiro.

Iyo nzira ipfupi, inonyungudika-isina, uye mutengo wekugadzira wakadzikira zvishoma pane iyo interfacial condensation phosgene nzira, asi maitiro ekugadzira eDPC achiri kushandisa phosgene, uye chigadzirwa cheDPC chine huwandu hwemapoka echloroformate, izvo zvinokanganisa chigadzirwa chekupedzisira. kunaka kwePC, iyo kune imwe nhanho inodzikamisa kusimudzirwa kwemaitiro.

3. Non-phosgene yakanyungudutswa ester kuchinjanisa nzira

Iyi nzira yakakamurwa kuita 2 matanho: (1) DMC + phenol → DPC; (2) DPC + BPA → PC, inoshandisa dimethyl carbonate DMC seyakabikwa uye phenol kugadzira DPC.

Iyo ne-chigadzirwa phenol inowanikwa kubva kuester exchange uye condensation inogona kudzokororwa kune synthesis yeDPC maitiro, nekudaro kuona kushandiswazve kwezvinhu uye hupfumi hwakanaka; nekuda kwekuchena kwakanyanya kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, chigadzirwa hachidiwo kuomeswa nekushambidzwa, uye mhando yechigadzirwa yakanaka. Maitiro acho haashandise phosgene, ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, uye inzira yakasvibira maitiro.

Nezvinodiwa nenyika zvemabhizinesi epetrochemical 'marara matatu Nekuwedzera kwezvinodiwa nenyika pakuchengetedza uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemabhizinesi epetrochemical uye kurambidzwa kushandiswa kwephosgene, iyo isiri-phosgene yakanyungudutswa ester yekutsinhana tekinoroji ichatsiva zvishoma nezvishoma nzira yeinterfacial polycondensation mu ramangwana segwara rekuvandudza tekinoroji yePC munyika.