Kushandiswa kweHydrochloric Acid: Ongororo Yakadzama uye Hurukuro Yenzvimbo dzeMashandisirwo
Hydrochloric acid (kemikari formula: HCl) ikemikari yakakosha uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri. Seyakasimba, isina ruvara kana zvishoma yellowish asidhi, hydrochloric acid haingoite basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemakemikari, asi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemamwe minda. Muchikamu chino, tinotarisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kukuru kwehydrochloric acid kuti ikubatsire kunyatsonzwisisa kukosha kwekemikari iyi.
1. Zvishandiso zvehydrochloric acid muindasitiri yemakemikari
a. For pickling
Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa kwehydrochloric acid ndeyekunhonga kwesimbi. Munguva yekugadzirwa kwesimbi, hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa kubvisa iron oxides uye kumwe kusvibiswa kubva pamusoro pesimbi, nekudaro kunatsiridza kuchena uye kupera kwepasi kwesimbi. Iyo corrosion resistance yesimbi inovandudzwa zvakanyanya nenzira iyi, ichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune inotevera kugadzirisa.
b. Basa re hydrochloric acid mune organic synthesis
Mune organic synthesis, hydrochloric acid inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinokonzeresa kana kuita svikiro. Iko kuumbwa kwemafuta akawanda emakemikari haaparadzanisiki kubva mukubatanidzwa kwehydrochloric acid, sekugadzirwa kweklorini hydrocarbons uye kuumbwa kwemishonga inonhuhwirira. Hydrochloric acid, semushonga weaqueous wehydrogen chloride, inogona kupa zvinobudirira chloride ions, nokudaro kufambisa kuita kwemakemikari.
2. Kukosha kwehydrochloric acid mukurapa kwemvura
a. pH kugadzirisa
Hydrochloric acid inowanzoshandiswa kudzora pH kukosha kwemvura mumagadzirirwo emvura. Nekuwedzera hydrochloric acid muhuwandu hwakakodzera, alkalinity yemvura inogona kuderedzwa uye kugadziridzwa kune yakakodzera pH renji. Kushandiswa uku kwakakosha zvakanyanya mukugadziriswa kwemvura yetsvina mumaindasitiri uye kucheneswa kwemvura yekunwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhando yemvura inosangana nemiyero yekuchengetedza.
b. Kubviswa kwechiyero uye sediment
Hydrochloric acid inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya kuchenesa chiyero uye kuisa mukati memaboilers, condensers uye zvimwe zvishandiso. Aya madhipoziti anogona kukanganisa kupisa kwekushisa kwemidziyo uye kunyange kutungamirira kukukuvara kwemidziyo. Nekunyungudutsa calcium carbonate uye mamwe madhipoziti ane hydrochloric acid, hupenyu hwesevhisi hwemidziyo hunogona kunyatsowedzerwa uye mari yekugadzirisa inogona kuderedzwa.
3. Kushandiswa kwehydrochloric acid muindasitiri yezvekudya
a. Shandisa mukugadzira chikafu
Hydrochloric acid inonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yechikafu mukugadzirwa kwezvikafu zvinowedzera uye zvinonhuwirira. Semuenzaniso, mukugadzirwa kwe monosodium glutamate (MSG) uye shuga ye starch, hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa hydrolysis kuvandudza kuchena uye kunaka kwechigadzirwa. Hydrochloric acid inoshandiswawo kudzora pH yezvimwe zvekudya kuitira kuvandudza kuravira kwavo uye kuchengetedza zvivakwa.
b. Food Sterilization uye Kuchenesa
Hydrochloric acid inowanzo shandiswa semugadziri wekuchenesa mukugadzira chikafu kuomesa chikafu midziyo uye midziyo. Asidhi yayo yakasimba inogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya uye mamwe ma microorganisms anokuvadza kuve nechokwadi chehutsanana uye kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu.
4. Hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari
a. Kushandisa se reagent
Hydrochloric acid inowanzo shandiswa kemikari reagent murabhoritari. Inogona kushandiswa kune acid-base titration, kupera kwemasampuli, uye kunaya nekuparadzaniswa kwesimbi. Kuongororwa kwemakemikari mazhinji uye maitiro ekugadzira murabhoritari zvinoenderana nekutora chikamu kwehydrochloric acid kuve nechokwadi chekufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekuyedza.
b. Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirisa kugadzirisa
Hydrochloric acid inoshandiswawo kudzora kuunganidzwa kwemhinduro uye inoita basa rakakosha kunyanya mukuedzwa kunoda chaiyo pH kukosha. Nekuda kwechimiro chayo chemhinduro yakagadzikana, hydrochloric acid chishandiso chakakosha chekudzora chaiko kwemamiriro ekuita kwemakemikari mukuyedza.
Summary
Zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pakuongorora kuri pamusoro apa kuti hydrochloric acid inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda yakadai semakemikari indasitiri, kudya uye kurapwa kwemvura nekuda kweiyo yakasimba acidity uye yakakwirira reactivity. Hydrochloric acid inoita basa rakakosha mukurapa simbi yekunhonga, organic synthesis, kurapwa kwemvura, kugadzira chikafu uye marabhoritari reagents. Naizvozvo, kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye ruzivo rwekushandiswa kwehydrochloric acid kwakakosha kune varapi mumaindasitiri ane hukama.
Kungave mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kana kutsvagisa marabhoritari, kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwehydrochloric acid kunoita kuti ive imwe yemakemikari anokosha. Kuburikidza nekuongorora kwakadzama muchinyorwa chino, ndinotenda kuti wawana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekushandiswa kwehydrochloric acid.