Chii chinonzi Cumene Process?
Iyo Cumene process ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzekugadzira maindasitiri ephenol(C₆H₅OH). Iyi nzira inoshandisa cumene seyakagadzirwa kugadzira phenol kuburikidza nehydroxylation pasi pemamiriro chaiwo. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwekukura, mutengo wakaderera, uye mhando yechigadzirwa chepamusoro, maitiro ecumene ekugadzirwa kwe phenol anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemakemikari.
Ichi chinyorwa chichaongorora musimboti nematanho ekugadzirwa kwephenol nekuita kwecumene zvakadzama, zvichibatsira vaverengi kunyatsonzwisisa iyi yakakosha tekinoroji yekugadzira makemikari.
Reaction Principle yeCumene process
Mhedzisiro yekuita mukugadzirwa kwe phenol ne cumene process ndiyo hydroxylation ye cumene. Nheyo yakakosha ndeyekuti boka remethyl mucumene molecule rinotsiviwa neboka rehydroxyl pasi pemamiriro e acidic kuti riumbe phenol.
Kunyanya, cumene (C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂) inobata neyakaomeswa sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) pasi pekupisa kuti ibudise p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂) uye shoma shoma ye-sulfate. Zvadaro, p-isopropylphenol inoshandurwa kuita phenol (C₆H₅OH) kuburikidza nekuita kwehydrolysis. Iyo yakazara kemikari equations yemaitiro ndeaya anotevera:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Zvinogona kuoneka kubva pane zviri pamusoro pekuita kuti kiyi ye cumene process iri mu hydroxylation reaction pasi pe acidic mamiriro uye inotevera hydrolysis reaction. Sulfuric acid inoita basa rakakosha sechinhu chinokonzeresa mukati mekuita.
Maitiro Matanho eCumene Maitiro
Iyo chaiyo inoyerera yekugadzirwa kwe phenol ne cumene process inogona kukamurwa kuita anotevera matanho makuru:
1. Raw Material Kugadzirira uye Kugadzira
Nhanho yekutanga mukugadzirwa kwe phenol ne cumene process ndeye kugadzirira uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu mbishi. Cumene, iyo yakakosha zvinhu zveichi chiitiko, inoda kutanga yacheneswa ne distillation kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuchena kwayo kunosvika kupfuura 99%. Concentrated sulfuric acid (kazhinji ine huwandu hwe98%) inoshandiswa sechinhu chinokonzera, ichiita basa rinokosha mukuita. Kuvandudza maitiro ekuita, mvura shoma inowedzerwa kune cumene kukurudzira kupararira kwe sulfuric acid uye kufambira mberi kwekuita.
2. Hydroxylation Reaction
Muchikamu chehydroxylation reaction, cumene uye concentrated sulfuric acid inosanganiswa mureactor uye inopisa kusvika 100–130°C. Pasi pemamiriro eacidic, boka remethyl mucumene molecule rinopinda hydroxylation kuumba p-isopropylphenol uye sulfate by-zvigadzirwa. Kuita uku kunonzi kusingadzoreki, uye tembiricha yekupindura nekumhanyisa kumhanya zvinoda kudzorwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekufanana uye kugadzikana kwekuita.
3. Hydrolysis Reaction
Mushure mekunge hydroxylation reaction yapera, chigadzirwa chinoda kuita hydrolysis reaction, ine chinangwa chekushandura p-isopropylphenol kuita phenol. Panguva ino, mvura yakawanda inowedzerwa kumusanganiswa wekuita, kuitira kuti p-isopropylphenol iwane hydrolysis reaction nemvura kuti ibudise phenol uye methane gasi.
4. Neutralization uye Kuparadzaniswa
Mushure mekuita kwehydrolysis kwapera, huwandu hukuru hwe sulfuric acid uye sulfate ne-zvigadzirwa zviripo muhurongwa. Kuti isaite izvi zvine acidic zvinhu, alkaline zvinhu (senge sodium hydroxide kana calcium hydroxide) inowedzerwa kune neutralization reaction, ichigadzira soluble sulfates nemvura. Zvadaro, phenol inoparadzaniswa kubva kune-zvigadzirwa kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa kupatsanurwa kana distillation tekinoroji.
5. Kunatsa uye Kucheneswa
Kusachena mu crude phenol kunobviswa kuburikidza nemaitiro ekunatsa senge distillation kuti uwane yakakwirira-kuchena phenol zvigadzirwa. Munguva yekunatsa, maitiro ekuita anodawo kunyatsodzorwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti mhando uye kuchena kwe phenol kunosangana nemaindasitiri zviyero.
Zvakanakira uye Zvishandiso zveCumene Maitiro
Iyo cumene process yekugadzira phenol ine zvinotevera zvakakosha zvakanakira:
Mild reaction conditions:Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ekugadzira phenol, iyo cumene maitiro ane hunyoro maitiro ekuita uye yakachengeteka maitiro ekugadzira.
Yakawanda raw material sources:Cumene inogona kuwanikwa kubva kune-zvigadzirwa zvekunatsa, zvichikonzera kuderera kwemitengo yezvinhu.
High chigadzirwa kuchena:Kuburikidza nekunyatso kudzora maitiro, kuchena uye kunaka kwe phenol kunogona kusvika padanho repamusoro.
Parizvino, phenol inogadzirwa necumene process inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kweakasiyana makemikari zvigadzirwa senge phenolic resins, epoxy resins, uye nylon, ine kudiwa kwemusika unoramba uchikura.
Summary
Iyo cumene process yekugadzirwa kwe phenol inzira inoshanda uye ine hupfumi hwekugadzira, ine musimboti wayo uri hydroxylation ye cumene uye inotevera hydrolysis reaction. Kuburikidza nematanho akadai sekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira, hydroxylation reaction, hydrolysis reaction, neutralization kurapwa, uye kunatsa uye kucheneswa, yakakwirira-kuchena phenol zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuwanikwa pakupedzisira.
Nekukura kuri kuramba kuchikwira kwepasi rose kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, tekinoroji yekugadzirwa kwe phenol ne cumene process icharamba ichigadziriswa, ichipa rutsigiro rwakakosha mukusimudzira maindasitiri ane hukama.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-23-2025
