Unoyeuka melamine here? Ndiyo yakashata "mukaka poda yekuwedzera", asi zvinoshamisa, inogona "kushandurwa".

Musi waFebruary 2, bepa rekutsvagisa rakabudiswa muNature, iro rinotungamira repasi rose resainzi magazini, ichiti melamine inogona kugadzirwa kuita chinhu chakaoma kupfuura simbi uye chakareruka kupfuura epurasitiki, kushamisika kwevanhu. Iri bepa rakaburitswa nechikwata chinotungamirwa neanozivikanwa sainzi Michael Strano, purofesa muDhipatimendi reChemical Engineering kuMassachusetts Institute of Technology, uye munyori wekutanga aive postdoctoral shamwari Yuwei Zeng.

Vanonzi vakatumidza zita rachozvinhu muyakaburitswa kubva kumelamine 2DPA-1, iyo-maviri-dimensional polymer iyo inozvibatanidza kuita masheets kuti iite shoma shoma asi yakasimba zvakanyanya, yemhando yepamusoro, iyo mbiri patent dzakaiswa.

Melamine, inowanzozivikanwa se dimethylamine, ikristaro chena yemonoclinic inotaridzika zvakafanana nemukaka p

Melamine haina kunaka uye inonyungudika zvishoma mumvura, asiwo mu methanol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, glycerin, pyridine, nezvimwewo. Haina kunyungudika muacetone uye ether. Inokuvadza kumuviri wemunhu, uye vese China neWHO vakatsanangura kuti melamine haifanirwe kushandiswa mukugadzira chikafu kana zvekuwedzera chikafu, asi chokwadi melamine ichiri yakakosha sekemikari mbishi zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, kunyanya pendi, lacquers, mahwendefa, zvinonamira uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvakawanda zvekushandisa.

Iyo molecular formula ye melamine ndeye C3H6N6 uye molecular uremu ndeye 126.12. Kuburikidza nemakemikari ayo, tinogona kuziva kuti melamine ine zvinhu zvitatu, kabhoni, hydrogen uye nitrogen, uye ine chimiro checarbon nenitrogen mhete, uye masayendisiti kuMIT akawana mukuedza kwavo kuti aya melamine mamorekuru monomers anogona kukura pamativi maviri pasi peakakodzera. mamiriro, uye zvisungo zvehydrogen mumamorekuru zvichagadziriswa pamwe chete, zvichiita kuti zvive nguva dzose Mabhondi ehydrogen mumamolekemu achagadziriswa pamwe chete, achiita kuti iite dhidhi chimiro mukugara kwakarongeka, chete. kufanana nechimiro chehexagonal chakaumbwa ne-two-dimensional graphene, uye chimiro ichi chakanyatsogadzikana uye chakasimba, saka melamine inoshandurwa kuva pepa repamusoro-soro rine mativi maviri rinonzi polyamide mumaoko emasayendisiti.

Izvo zvinhu zvakare hazvina kuoma kugadzira, akadaro Strano, uye inogona kugadzirwa yega mumhinduro, kubva iyo iyo 2DPA-1 firimu inogona kubviswa gare gare, ichipa nzira iri nyore yekugadzira iyo yakanyanya kuomarara asi yakatetepa zvinhu muhuwandu hukuru.

Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti chinhu chitsva chine modulus ye elasticity, chiyero chesimba rinodiwa kuti rishanduke, iro rinopeta nekatanhatu kusvika kune regirazi risina bara. Vakaona zvakare kuti kunyangwe iri chikamu chimwe muzvitanhatu seyakaomeswa sesimbi, iyo polima ine zvakapetwa simba regoho, kana simba rinodiwa kuputsa zvinhu.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chechinhu chacho ndechekudzivirira mhepo. Nepo mamwe mapolymers aine cheni dzakamonyoroka dzine maburi apo gasi rinogona kutiza, icho chitsva chine mamonomers anonamirana senge Lego blocks uye mamorekuru haakwanise kupinda pakati pawo.

Izvi zvinotibvumira kuti tigadzire machira akaonda-akatetepa anoramba zvachose kupinza mvura kana gasi, "akadaro masayendisiti. Rudzi urwu rwekuvharisa runogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza simbi mumotokari nedzimwe mota kana zvivakwa zvesimbi. "

Iye zvino vaongorori vari kudzidza kuti iyi polima inogona kuumbwa sei kuita maviri-dimensional sheets mune zvakadzama uye vari kuyedza kushandura maumbirwo ayo mamorekuru kugadzira mamwe marudzi ezvishandiso zvitsva.

Zviripachena kuti chinhu ichi chinodiwa zvakanyanya, uye kana chichikwanisa kubudiswa-zhinji, chinogona kuunza shanduko huru kumotokari, aerospace, uye ballistic kuchengetedza minda. Kunyanya mumunda wemotokari itsva dzemagetsi, kunyange zvazvo nyika dzakawanda dzichironga kubvisa motokari dzemafuta mushure me2035, asi ikozvino itsva yemotokari yemagetsi ichiri dambudziko. Kana ichi chinyorwa chitsva chinogona kushandiswa mumunda wemotokari, zvinoreva kuti huremu hwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi huchaderedzwa zvakanyanya, asiwo kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi, izvo zvichavandudza zvisina kunanga huwandu hwemagetsi matsva.